# Mental Rotation -- PsychoPy

> **Parent**: [psych-experiment-coder](../../SKILL.md) · [Implementation Guide](../spec/README.md)
> **Config reference**: [mental-rotation](../../../psych-experiment-programming/paradigms/mental-rotation.md)
> **Source**: [Pavlovia demos/mental_rotation](https://gitlab.pavlovia.org/demos/mental_rotation) · PsychoPy 2023.2.3

## Experiment Logic

The experiment begins with two instruction screens. The first ("Intructions_1") explains the task: participants will see two rotated letters and must judge whether they are mirror images of each other when in their normal upright position. They press 'm' if the letters are the same (not mirror images) and 'n' if they are mirror images (different). Pressing 'm' advances to the second instruction screen. The second screen ("Intructions_2") shows an example: a rotated 'F' on the left (`FR.png`, orientation 0) and another rotated 'F' on the right (`F.png`, orientation -90). The text explains that the right letter is a mirror image of the left, so pressing 'n' is correct. Pressing 'n' starts the main experiment.

The main trial loop is driven by a condition CSV file (`MentalRot.csv`) loaded via `data.importConditions()` containing columns: `left_im` (left image filename), `right_im` (right image filename), `leftori` (left image orientation), `rightori` (right image orientation), and `corrAns` (correct answer: 'm' or 'n'). Each trial ("trial" routine) displays two letter images side by side using `visual.ImageStim`, each dynamically set from condition columns via `image_L.setImage(left_im)` and `image_R.setImage(right_im)`, with orientations applied via `setOri()`. Response reminders ("n" for non-mirrored/different, "m" for mirrored/same) appear below the images, and a trial counter ("N/total") displays in the bottom-right corner. The participant responds with 'n' or 'm' keys, and the trial is response-terminated.

A `keyboard.Keyboard` component (`key_resp`) begins listening simultaneously with stimulus onset, with its clock reset precisely at screen flip via `win.callOnFlip(key_resp.clock.reset)` for accurate RT measurement. Accuracy is determined by comparing `key_resp.keys` against `corrAns` from the condition file. After each trial, a feedback routine displays "Correct!" (green) or "Incorrect" (red) for 500 ms, using a `visual.TextStim` whose color and text are set in the Begin Routine code based on `key_resp.corr`. A `correct_counter` accumulator increments each trial.

The experiment ends with a final screen ("the_end") showing the total score ("You scored N correct") and waits for spacebar to exit. Per-trial data is saved to the `TrialHandler` via `trials.addData()`, including key pressed, accuracy, RT, and key press duration. The experiment follows a modern function-based structure (`showExpInfoDlg`, `setupData`, `setupWindow`, `setupInputs`, `run`, `saveData`, `endExperiment`, `quit`), uses `iohub` keyboard backend, and supports experiment pausing via `pauseExperiment()`.

## Key Design Patterns

- `visual.ImageStim` with `setImage()` dynamically loading letter images from condition file columns (`left_im`, `right_im`), with `setOri()` applying per-trial rotation angles (`leftori`, `rightori`)
- `keyboard.Keyboard()` with `win.callOnFlip(key_resp.clock.reset)` and `win.callOnFlip(key_resp.clearEvents, eventType='keyboard')` for frame-accurate RT measurement
- Trial counter display via `trials.thisN` and `trials.nTotal` formatted as `str(trials.thisN) + '/' + str(trials.nTotal)` on a `visual.TextStim`
- Condition file (CSV) with columns for left/right stimulus images, their orientations, and correct answer ('m'/'n')
- `correct_counter` accumulator initialized in Begin Experiment code, incremented each trial, and displayed on final screen
- Feedback via `visual.TextStim` with `setColor()` (green/red) and `setText()` set in Begin Routine based on `key_resp.corr`
- Component stop timing via `tThisFlipGlobal > component.tStartRefresh + 0.5 - frameTolerance` for 500ms feedback offset
- Modern function-based experiment structure with iohub keyboard backend, pause support, and explicit data/quit functions

## Code Example

```python
# Source: mental_rotation (demos/mental_rotation)
# Project URL: https://gitlab.pavlovia.org/demos/mental_rotation
# Original file: MentalRotation_lastrun.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This experiment was created using PsychoPy3 Experiment Builder (v2023.2.3),
    on Wed Dec 13 21:41:01 2023
If you publish work using this script the most relevant publication is:

    Peirce J, Gray JR, Simpson S, MacAskill M, Höchenberger R, Sogo H, Kastman E, Lindeløv JK. (2019) 
        PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy Behav Res 51: 195. 
        https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y

"""

# --- Import packages ---
from psychopy import locale_setup
from psychopy import prefs
from psychopy import plugins
plugins.activatePlugins()
from psychopy import sound, gui, visual, core, data, event, logging, clock, colors, layout
from psychopy.tools import environmenttools
from psychopy.constants import (NOT_STARTED, STARTED, PLAYING, PAUSED,
                                STOPPED, FINISHED, PRESSED, RELEASED, FOREVER, priority)

import numpy as np  # whole numpy lib is available, prepend 'np.'
from numpy import (sin, cos, tan, log, log10, pi, average,
                   sqrt, std, deg2rad, rad2deg, linspace, asarray)
from numpy.random import random, randint, normal, shuffle, choice as randchoice
import os  # handy system and path functions
import sys  # to get file system encoding

import psychopy.iohub as io
from psychopy.hardware import keyboard

# --- Setup global variables (available in all functions) ---
# Ensure that relative paths start from the same directory as this script
_thisDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# Store info about the experiment session
psychopyVersion = '2023.2.3'
expName = 'MentalRotation'  # from the Builder filename that created this script
expInfo = {
    'session': '001',
    'participant': '',
    'date': data.getDateStr(),  # add a simple timestamp
    'expName': expName,
    'psychopyVersion': psychopyVersion,
}


def showExpInfoDlg(expInfo):
    """
    Show participant info dialog.
    Parameters
    ==========
    expInfo : dict
        Information about this experiment, created by the `setupExpInfo` function.
    
    Returns
    ==========
    dict
        Information about this experiment.
    """
    # temporarily remove keys which the dialog doesn't need to show
    poppedKeys = {
        'date': expInfo.pop('date', data.getDateStr()),
        'expName': expInfo.pop('expName', expName),
        'psychopyVersion': expInfo.pop('psychopyVersion', psychopyVersion),
    }
    # show participant info dialog
    dlg = gui.DlgFromDict(dictionary=expInfo, sortKeys=False, title=expName)
    if dlg.OK == False:
        core.quit()  # user pressed cancel
    # restore hidden keys
    expInfo.update(poppedKeys)
    # return expInfo
    return expInfo


def setupData(expInfo, dataDir=None):
    """
    Make an ExperimentHandler to handle trials and saving.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    expInfo : dict
        Information about this experiment, created by the `setupExpInfo` function.
    dataDir : Path, str or None
        Folder to save the data to, leave as None to create a folder in the current directory.    
    Returns
    ==========
    psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    """
    
    # data file name stem = absolute path + name; later add .psyexp, .csv, .log, etc
    if dataDir is None:
        dataDir = 'data'
    filename = 'data' + os.sep + '%s_%s' % (expInfo['participant'], expInfo['date'])
    # make sure filename is relative to dataDir
    if os.path.isabs(filename):
        dataDir = os.path.commonprefix([dataDir, filename])
        filename = os.path.relpath(filename, dataDir)
    
    # an ExperimentHandler isn't essential but helps with data saving
    thisExp = data.ExperimentHandler(
        name=expName, version='',
        extraInfo=expInfo, runtimeInfo=None,
        originPath='/Users/becca/Documents/newdemos/Experiments/mentalRotation/MentalRotation_lastrun.py',
        savePickle=True, saveWideText=True,
        dataFileName=dataDir + os.sep + filename, sortColumns='time'
    )
    thisExp.setPriority('thisRow.t', priority.CRITICAL)
    thisExp.setPriority('expName', priority.LOW)
    # return experiment handler
    return thisExp


def setupLogging(filename):
    """
    Setup a log file and tell it what level to log at.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    filename : str or pathlib.Path
        Filename to save log file and data files as, doesn't need an extension.
    
    Returns
    ==========
    psychopy.logging.LogFile
        Text stream to receive inputs from the logging system.
    """
    # this outputs to the screen, not a file
    logging.console.setLevel(logging.EXP)
    # save a log file for detail verbose info
    logFile = logging.LogFile(filename+'.log', level=logging.EXP)
    
    return logFile


def setupWindow(expInfo=None, win=None):
    """
    Setup the Window
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    expInfo : dict
        Information about this experiment, created by the `setupExpInfo` function.
    win : psychopy.visual.Window
        Window to setup - leave as None to create a new window.
    
    Returns
    ==========
    psychopy.visual.Window
        Window in which to run this experiment.
    """
    if win is None:
        # if not given a window to setup, make one
        win = visual.Window(
            size=[1040, 800], fullscr=False, screen=0,
            winType='pyglet', allowStencil=True,
            monitor='testMonitor', color=[1, 1, 1], colorSpace='rgb',
            backgroundImage='', backgroundFit='none',
            blendMode='avg', useFBO=True,
            units='height'
        )
        if expInfo is not None:
            # store frame rate of monitor if we can measure it
            expInfo['frameRate'] = win.getActualFrameRate()
    else:
        # if we have a window, just set the attributes which are safe to set
        win.color = [1, 1, 1]
        win.colorSpace = 'rgb'
        win.backgroundImage = ''
        win.backgroundFit = 'none'
        win.units = 'height'
    win.mouseVisible = True
    win.hideMessage()
    return win


def setupInputs(expInfo, thisExp, win):
    """
    Setup whatever inputs are available (mouse, keyboard, eyetracker, etc.)
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    expInfo : dict
        Information about this experiment, created by the `setupExpInfo` function.
    thisExp : psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    win : psychopy.visual.Window
        Window in which to run this experiment.
    Returns
    ==========
    dict
        Dictionary of input devices by name.
    """
    # --- Setup input devices ---
    inputs = {}
    ioConfig = {}
    
    # Setup iohub keyboard
    ioConfig['Keyboard'] = dict(use_keymap='psychopy')
    
    ioSession = '1'
    if 'session' in expInfo:
        ioSession = str(expInfo['session'])
    ioServer = io.launchHubServer(window=win, **ioConfig)
    eyetracker = None
    
    # create a default keyboard (e.g. to check for escape)
    defaultKeyboard = keyboard.Keyboard(backend='iohub')
    # return inputs dict
    return {
        'ioServer': ioServer,
        'defaultKeyboard': defaultKeyboard,
        'eyetracker': eyetracker,
    }

def pauseExperiment(thisExp, inputs=None, win=None, timers=[], playbackComponents=[]):
    """
    Pause this experiment, preventing the flow from advancing to the next routine until resumed.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    thisExp : psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    inputs : dict
        Dictionary of input devices by name.
    win : psychopy.visual.Window
        Window for this experiment.
    timers : list, tuple
        List of timers to reset once pausing is finished.
    playbackComponents : list, tuple
        List of any components with a `pause` method which need to be paused.
    """
    # if we are not paused, do nothing
    if thisExp.status != PAUSED:
        return
    
    # pause any playback components
    for comp in playbackComponents:
        comp.pause()
    # prevent components from auto-drawing
    win.stashAutoDraw()
    # run a while loop while we wait to unpause
    while thisExp.status == PAUSED:
        # make sure we have a keyboard
        if inputs is None:
            inputs = {
                'defaultKeyboard': keyboard.Keyboard(backend='ioHub')
            }
        # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
        if inputs['defaultKeyboard'].getKeys(keyList=['escape']):
            endExperiment(thisExp, win=win, inputs=inputs)
        # flip the screen
        win.flip()
    # if stop was requested while paused, quit
    if thisExp.status == FINISHED:
        endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
    # resume any playback components
    for comp in playbackComponents:
        comp.play()
    # restore auto-drawn components
    win.retrieveAutoDraw()
    # reset any timers
    for timer in timers:
        timer.reset()


def run(expInfo, thisExp, win, inputs, globalClock=None, thisSession=None):
    """
    Run the experiment flow.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    expInfo : dict
        Information about this experiment, created by the `setupExpInfo` function.
    thisExp : psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    psychopy.visual.Window
        Window in which to run this experiment.
    inputs : dict
        Dictionary of input devices by name.
    globalClock : psychopy.core.clock.Clock or None
        Clock to get global time from - supply None to make a new one.
    thisSession : psychopy.session.Session or None
        Handle of the Session object this experiment is being run from, if any.
    """
    # mark experiment as started
    thisExp.status = STARTED
    # make sure variables created by exec are available globally
    exec = environmenttools.setExecEnvironment(globals())
    # get device handles from dict of input devices
    ioServer = inputs['ioServer']
    defaultKeyboard = inputs['defaultKeyboard']
    eyetracker = inputs['eyetracker']
    # make sure we're running in the directory for this experiment
    os.chdir(_thisDir)
    # get filename from ExperimentHandler for convenience
    filename = thisExp.dataFileName
    frameTolerance = 0.001  # how close to onset before 'same' frame
    endExpNow = False  # flag for 'escape' or other condition => quit the exp
    # get frame duration from frame rate in expInfo
    if 'frameRate' in expInfo and expInfo['frameRate'] is not None:
        frameDur = 1.0 / round(expInfo['frameRate'])
    else:
        frameDur = 1.0 / 60.0  # could not measure, so guess
    
    # Start Code - component code to be run after the window creation
    
    # --- Initialize components for Routine "Intructions_1" ---
    instr_key_1 = keyboard.Keyboard()
    instr_textbox1 = visual.TextBox2(
         win, text="Welcome. You will see two letters on the screen that have been rotated. For each pair of letters, indicate if they are mirror images of each other when they two letters are in their normal upright position. (Ignore the rotations.) \n \nPress 'm' if they are mirror images of each other.\nPress 'n' if they are not the same (not mirror images).   \n\nPress 'm' to start", placeholder='Type here...', font='Arial',
         pos=(0, 0),     letterHeight=0.05,
         size=(1, 0.5), borderWidth=2.0,
         color='black', colorSpace='rgb',
         opacity=None,
         bold=False, italic=False,
         lineSpacing=1.0, speechPoint=None,
         padding=0.0, alignment='center',
         anchor='center', overflow='visible',
         fillColor=None, borderColor=None,
         flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False, languageStyle='LTR',
         editable=False,
         name='instr_textbox1',
         depth=-1, autoLog=True,
    )
    
    # --- Initialize components for Routine "Intructions_2" ---
    image_L_3 = visual.ImageStim(
        win=win,
        name='image_L_3', 
        image='default.png', mask=None, anchor='center',
        ori=1.0, pos=[-.25, .2], size=[.3,.3],
        color=[1,1,1], colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
        flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
        texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=0.0)
    image_R_3 = visual.ImageStim(
        win=win,
        name='image_R_3', 
        image='default.png', mask=None, anchor='center',
        ori=1.0, pos=[0.25, .2], size=[.3,.3],
        color=[1,1,1], colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
        flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
        texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=-1.0)
    instr_key_2 = keyboard.Keyboard()
    instrtxt2 = visual.TextBox2(
         win, text="Here, the letter on the right is a mirror image of the letter on the left. They would still be different after mentally rotating them to line up. So press 'n' (different). If they are the same, you would press 'm'. \n \nTry to respond as accurately as you can. Also try to be fast, but emphasize being accurate. Press 'n' to start.", placeholder='Type here...', font='Arial',
         pos=(0, -0.25),     letterHeight=0.05,
         size=(1, 0.5), borderWidth=2.0,
         color='black', colorSpace='rgb',
         opacity=None,
         bold=False, italic=False,
         lineSpacing=1.0, speechPoint=None,
         padding=0.0, alignment='center',
         anchor='center', overflow='visible',
         fillColor=None, borderColor=None,
         flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False, languageStyle='LTR',
         editable=False,
         name='instrtxt2',
         depth=-3, autoLog=True,
    )
    
    # --- Initialize components for Routine "trial" ---
    image_L = visual.ImageStim(
        win=win,
        name='image_L', 
        image='default.png', mask=None, anchor='center',
        ori=1.0, pos=[-.25, 0], size=[.3,.3],
        color=[1,1,1], colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
        flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
        texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=0.0)
    image_R = visual.ImageStim(
        win=win,
        name='image_R', 
        image='default.png', mask=None, anchor='center',
        ori=1.0, pos=[0.25, 0], size=[.3,.3],
        color=[1,1,1], colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
        flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
        texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=-1.0)
    key_resp = keyboard.Keyboard()
    main_instr = visual.TextStim(win=win, name='main_instr',
        text='\'n\' for "non mirrored"/"different"\n\'m\' for "mirrored"/"same"',
        font='Arial',
        pos=[0, -.3], height=0.03, wrapWidth=None, ori=0, 
        color='black', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1, 
        languageStyle='LTR',
        depth=-3.0);
    trial_count = visual.TextStim(win=win, name='trial_count',
        text='',
        font='Arial',
        pos=[.4, -.4], height=0.03, wrapWidth=None, ori=0, 
        color='black', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1, 
        languageStyle='LTR',
        depth=-4.0);
    
    # --- Initialize components for Routine "feedback" ---
    # Run 'Begin Experiment' code from code
    correct_counter = 0
    fbtext = visual.TextStim(win=win, name='fbtext',
        text='',
        font='Arial',
        pos=(0, 0), height=0.05, wrapWidth=None, ori=0.0, 
        color='white', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=None, 
        languageStyle='LTR',
        depth=-1.0);
    
    # --- Initialize components for Routine "the_end" ---
    end_txt = visual.TextStim(win=win, name='end_txt',
        text='',
        font='Arial',
        pos=[0, 0], height=0.05, wrapWidth=None, ori=0, 
        color='black', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1, 
        languageStyle='LTR',
        depth=0.0);
    end_key = keyboard.Keyboard()
    
    # create some handy timers
    if globalClock is None:
        globalClock = core.Clock()  # to track the time since experiment started
    if ioServer is not None:
        ioServer.syncClock(globalClock)
    logging.setDefaultClock(globalClock)
    routineTimer = core.Clock()  # to track time remaining of each (possibly non-slip) routine
    win.flip()  # flip window to reset last flip timer
    # store the exact time the global clock started
    expInfo['expStart'] = data.getDateStr(format='%Y-%m-%d %Hh%M.%S.%f %z', fractionalSecondDigits=6)
    
    # --- Prepare to start Routine "Intructions_1" ---
    continueRoutine = True
    # update component parameters for each repeat
    thisExp.addData('Intructions_1.started', globalClock.getTime())
    instr_key_1.keys = []
    instr_key_1.rt = []
    _instr_key_1_allKeys = []
    instr_textbox1.reset()
    # keep track of which components have finished
    Intructions_1Components = [instr_key_1, instr_textbox1]
    for thisComponent in Intructions_1Components:
        thisComponent.tStart = None
        thisComponent.tStop = None
        thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
        thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
        if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
            thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
    # reset timers
    t = 0
    _timeToFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="now")
    frameN = -1
    
    # --- Run Routine "Intructions_1" ---
    routineForceEnded = not continueRoutine
    while continueRoutine:
        # get current time
        t = routineTimer.getTime()
        tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=routineTimer)
        tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
        frameN = frameN + 1  # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
        # update/draw components on each frame
        
        # *instr_key_1* updates
        waitOnFlip = False
        
        # if instr_key_1 is starting this frame...
        if instr_key_1.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            instr_key_1.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            instr_key_1.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            instr_key_1.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(instr_key_1, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'instr_key_1.started')
            # update status
            instr_key_1.status = STARTED
            # keyboard checking is just starting
            waitOnFlip = True
            win.callOnFlip(instr_key_1.clock.reset)  # t=0 on next screen flip
            win.callOnFlip(instr_key_1.clearEvents, eventType='keyboard')  # clear events on next screen flip
        if instr_key_1.status == STARTED and not waitOnFlip:
            theseKeys = instr_key_1.getKeys(keyList=['m'], ignoreKeys=["escape"], waitRelease=False)
            _instr_key_1_allKeys.extend(theseKeys)
            if len(_instr_key_1_allKeys):
                instr_key_1.keys = _instr_key_1_allKeys[-1].name  # just the last key pressed
                instr_key_1.rt = _instr_key_1_allKeys[-1].rt
                instr_key_1.duration = _instr_key_1_allKeys[-1].duration
                # a response ends the routine
                continueRoutine = False
        
        # *instr_textbox1* updates
        
        # if instr_textbox1 is starting this frame...
        if instr_textbox1.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            instr_textbox1.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            instr_textbox1.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            instr_textbox1.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(instr_textbox1, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'instr_textbox1.started')
            # update status
            instr_textbox1.status = STARTED
            instr_textbox1.setAutoDraw(True)
        
        # if instr_textbox1 is active this frame...
        if instr_textbox1.status == STARTED:
            # update params
            pass
        
        # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
        if defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
            thisExp.status = FINISHED
        if thisExp.status == FINISHED or endExpNow:
            endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
            return
        
        # check if all components have finished
        if not continueRoutine:  # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
            routineForceEnded = True
            break
        continueRoutine = False  # will revert to True if at least one component still running
        for thisComponent in Intructions_1Components:
            if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
                continueRoutine = True
                break  # at least one component has not yet finished
        
        # refresh the screen
        if continueRoutine:  # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
            win.flip()
    
    # --- Ending Routine "Intructions_1" ---
    for thisComponent in Intructions_1Components:
        if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
            thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
    thisExp.addData('Intructions_1.stopped', globalClock.getTime())
    # check responses
    if instr_key_1.keys in ['', [], None]:  # No response was made
        instr_key_1.keys = None
    thisExp.addData('instr_key_1.keys',instr_key_1.keys)
    if instr_key_1.keys != None:  # we had a response
        thisExp.addData('instr_key_1.rt', instr_key_1.rt)
        thisExp.addData('instr_key_1.duration', instr_key_1.duration)
    thisExp.nextEntry()
    # the Routine "Intructions_1" was not non-slip safe, so reset the non-slip timer
    routineTimer.reset()
    
    # --- Prepare to start Routine "Intructions_2" ---
    continueRoutine = True
    # update component parameters for each repeat
    thisExp.addData('Intructions_2.started', globalClock.getTime())
    image_L_3.setOri(0)
    image_L_3.setImage('FR.png')
    image_R_3.setOri(-90)
    image_R_3.setImage('F.png')
    instr_key_2.keys = []
    instr_key_2.rt = []
    _instr_key_2_allKeys = []
    instrtxt2.reset()
    # keep track of which components have finished
    Intructions_2Components = [image_L_3, image_R_3, instr_key_2, instrtxt2]
    for thisComponent in Intructions_2Components:
        thisComponent.tStart = None
        thisComponent.tStop = None
        thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
        thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
        if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
            thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
    # reset timers
    t = 0
    _timeToFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="now")
    frameN = -1
    
    # --- Run Routine "Intructions_2" ---
    routineForceEnded = not continueRoutine
    while continueRoutine:
        # get current time
        t = routineTimer.getTime()
        tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=routineTimer)
        tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
        frameN = frameN + 1  # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
        # update/draw components on each frame
        
        # *image_L_3* updates
        
        # if image_L_3 is starting this frame...
        if image_L_3.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            image_L_3.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            image_L_3.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            image_L_3.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(image_L_3, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'image_L_3.started')
            # update status
            image_L_3.status = STARTED
            image_L_3.setAutoDraw(True)
        
        # if image_L_3 is active this frame...
        if image_L_3.status == STARTED:
            # update params
            pass
        
        # *image_R_3* updates
        
        # if image_R_3 is starting this frame...
        if image_R_3.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            image_R_3.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            image_R_3.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            image_R_3.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(image_R_3, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'image_R_3.started')
            # update status
            image_R_3.status = STARTED
            image_R_3.setAutoDraw(True)
        
        # if image_R_3 is active this frame...
        if image_R_3.status == STARTED:
            # update params
            pass
        
        # *instr_key_2* updates
        waitOnFlip = False
        
        # if instr_key_2 is starting this frame...
        if instr_key_2.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            instr_key_2.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            instr_key_2.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            instr_key_2.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(instr_key_2, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'instr_key_2.started')
            # update status
            instr_key_2.status = STARTED
            # keyboard checking is just starting
            waitOnFlip = True
            win.callOnFlip(instr_key_2.clock.reset)  # t=0 on next screen flip
            win.callOnFlip(instr_key_2.clearEvents, eventType='keyboard')  # clear events on next screen flip
        if instr_key_2.status == STARTED and not waitOnFlip:
            theseKeys = instr_key_2.getKeys(keyList=['n'], ignoreKeys=["escape"], waitRelease=False)
            _instr_key_2_allKeys.extend(theseKeys)
            if len(_instr_key_2_allKeys):
                instr_key_2.keys = _instr_key_2_allKeys[-1].name  # just the last key pressed
                instr_key_2.rt = _instr_key_2_allKeys[-1].rt
                instr_key_2.duration = _instr_key_2_allKeys[-1].duration
                # a response ends the routine
                continueRoutine = False
        
        # *instrtxt2* updates
        
        # if instrtxt2 is starting this frame...
        if instrtxt2.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            instrtxt2.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            instrtxt2.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            instrtxt2.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(instrtxt2, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'instrtxt2.started')
            # update status
            instrtxt2.status = STARTED
            instrtxt2.setAutoDraw(True)
        
        # if instrtxt2 is active this frame...
        if instrtxt2.status == STARTED:
            # update params
            pass
        
        # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
        if defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
            thisExp.status = FINISHED
        if thisExp.status == FINISHED or endExpNow:
            endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
            return
        
        # check if all components have finished
        if not continueRoutine:  # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
            routineForceEnded = True
            break
        continueRoutine = False  # will revert to True if at least one component still running
        for thisComponent in Intructions_2Components:
            if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
                continueRoutine = True
                break  # at least one component has not yet finished
        
        # refresh the screen
        if continueRoutine:  # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
            win.flip()
    
    # --- Ending Routine "Intructions_2" ---
    for thisComponent in Intructions_2Components:
        if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
            thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
    thisExp.addData('Intructions_2.stopped', globalClock.getTime())
    # the Routine "Intructions_2" was not non-slip safe, so reset the non-slip timer
    routineTimer.reset()
    
    # set up handler to look after randomisation of conditions etc
    trials = data.TrialHandler(nReps=1, method='random', 
        extraInfo=expInfo, originPath=-1,
        trialList=data.importConditions('MentalRot.csv'),
        seed=None, name='trials')
    thisExp.addLoop(trials)  # add the loop to the experiment
    thisTrial = trials.trialList[0]  # so we can initialise stimuli with some values
    # abbreviate parameter names if possible (e.g. rgb = thisTrial.rgb)
    if thisTrial != None:
        for paramName in thisTrial:
            globals()[paramName] = thisTrial[paramName]
    
    for thisTrial in trials:
        currentLoop = trials
        thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'thisRow.t')
        # pause experiment here if requested
        if thisExp.status == PAUSED:
            pauseExperiment(
                thisExp=thisExp, 
                inputs=inputs, 
                win=win, 
                timers=[routineTimer], 
                playbackComponents=[]
        )
        # abbreviate parameter names if possible (e.g. rgb = thisTrial.rgb)
        if thisTrial != None:
            for paramName in thisTrial:
                globals()[paramName] = thisTrial[paramName]
        
        # --- Prepare to start Routine "trial" ---
        continueRoutine = True
        # update component parameters for each repeat
        thisExp.addData('trial.started', globalClock.getTime())
        image_L.setOri(leftori)
        image_L.setImage(left_im)
        image_R.setOri(rightori)
        image_R.setImage(right_im)
        key_resp.keys = []
        key_resp.rt = []
        _key_resp_allKeys = []
        trial_count.setText(str(trials.thisN) + '/' + str(trials.nTotal))
        # keep track of which components have finished
        trialComponents = [image_L, image_R, key_resp, main_instr, trial_count]
        for thisComponent in trialComponents:
            thisComponent.tStart = None
            thisComponent.tStop = None
            thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
            thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
            if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
                thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
        # reset timers
        t = 0
        _timeToFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="now")
        frameN = -1
        
        # --- Run Routine "trial" ---
        routineForceEnded = not continueRoutine
        while continueRoutine:
            # get current time
            t = routineTimer.getTime()
            tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=routineTimer)
            tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
            frameN = frameN + 1  # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
            # update/draw components on each frame
            
            # *image_L* updates
            
            # if image_L is starting this frame...
            if image_L.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                image_L.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                image_L.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                image_L.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(image_L, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'image_L.started')
                # update status
                image_L.status = STARTED
                image_L.setAutoDraw(True)
            
            # if image_L is active this frame...
            if image_L.status == STARTED:
                # update params
                pass
            
            # *image_R* updates
            
            # if image_R is starting this frame...
            if image_R.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                image_R.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                image_R.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                image_R.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(image_R, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'image_R.started')
                # update status
                image_R.status = STARTED
                image_R.setAutoDraw(True)
            
            # if image_R is active this frame...
            if image_R.status == STARTED:
                # update params
                pass
            
            # *key_resp* updates
            waitOnFlip = False
            
            # if key_resp is starting this frame...
            if key_resp.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                key_resp.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                key_resp.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                key_resp.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(key_resp, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'key_resp.started')
                # update status
                key_resp.status = STARTED
                # keyboard checking is just starting
                waitOnFlip = True
                win.callOnFlip(key_resp.clock.reset)  # t=0 on next screen flip
                win.callOnFlip(key_resp.clearEvents, eventType='keyboard')  # clear events on next screen flip
            if key_resp.status == STARTED and not waitOnFlip:
                theseKeys = key_resp.getKeys(keyList=['n','m'], ignoreKeys=["escape"], waitRelease=False)
                _key_resp_allKeys.extend(theseKeys)
                if len(_key_resp_allKeys):
                    key_resp.keys = _key_resp_allKeys[-1].name  # just the last key pressed
                    key_resp.rt = _key_resp_allKeys[-1].rt
                    key_resp.duration = _key_resp_allKeys[-1].duration
                    # was this correct?
                    if (key_resp.keys == str(corrAns)) or (key_resp.keys == corrAns):
                        key_resp.corr = 1
                    else:
                        key_resp.corr = 0
                    # a response ends the routine
                    continueRoutine = False
            
            # *main_instr* updates
            
            # if main_instr is starting this frame...
            if main_instr.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                main_instr.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                main_instr.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                main_instr.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(main_instr, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'main_instr.started')
                # update status
                main_instr.status = STARTED
                main_instr.setAutoDraw(True)
            
            # if main_instr is active this frame...
            if main_instr.status == STARTED:
                # update params
                pass
            
            # *trial_count* updates
            
            # if trial_count is starting this frame...
            if trial_count.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                trial_count.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                trial_count.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                trial_count.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(trial_count, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'trial_count.started')
                # update status
                trial_count.status = STARTED
                trial_count.setAutoDraw(True)
            
            # if trial_count is active this frame...
            if trial_count.status == STARTED:
                # update params
                pass
            
            # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
            if defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
                thisExp.status = FINISHED
            if thisExp.status == FINISHED or endExpNow:
                endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
                return
            
            # check if all components have finished
            if not continueRoutine:  # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
                routineForceEnded = True
                break
            continueRoutine = False  # will revert to True if at least one component still running
            for thisComponent in trialComponents:
                if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
                    continueRoutine = True
                    break  # at least one component has not yet finished
            
            # refresh the screen
            if continueRoutine:  # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
                win.flip()
        
        # --- Ending Routine "trial" ---
        for thisComponent in trialComponents:
            if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
                thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
        thisExp.addData('trial.stopped', globalClock.getTime())
        # check responses
        if key_resp.keys in ['', [], None]:  # No response was made
            key_resp.keys = None
            # was no response the correct answer?!
            if str(corrAns).lower() == 'none':
               key_resp.corr = 1;  # correct non-response
            else:
               key_resp.corr = 0;  # failed to respond (incorrectly)
        # store data for trials (TrialHandler)
        trials.addData('key_resp.keys',key_resp.keys)
        trials.addData('key_resp.corr', key_resp.corr)
        if key_resp.keys != None:  # we had a response
            trials.addData('key_resp.rt', key_resp.rt)
            trials.addData('key_resp.duration', key_resp.duration)
        # the Routine "trial" was not non-slip safe, so reset the non-slip timer
        routineTimer.reset()
        
        # --- Prepare to start Routine "feedback" ---
        continueRoutine = True
        # update component parameters for each repeat
        thisExp.addData('feedback.started', globalClock.getTime())
        # Run 'Begin Routine' code from code
        if key_resp.corr:
            fb = 'Correct!'
            fbcol = 'green'
        else:
            fb = 'Incorrect'
            fbcol = 'red'
        
        correct_counter += 1
        fbtext.setColor(fbcol, colorSpace='rgb')
        fbtext.setText(fb)
        # keep track of which components have finished
        feedbackComponents = [fbtext]
        for thisComponent in feedbackComponents:
            thisComponent.tStart = None
            thisComponent.tStop = None
            thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
            thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
            if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
                thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
        # reset timers
        t = 0
        _timeToFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="now")
        frameN = -1
        
        # --- Run Routine "feedback" ---
        routineForceEnded = not continueRoutine
        while continueRoutine and routineTimer.getTime() < 0.5:
            # get current time
            t = routineTimer.getTime()
            tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=routineTimer)
            tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
            frameN = frameN + 1  # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
            # update/draw components on each frame
            
            # *fbtext* updates
            
            # if fbtext is starting this frame...
            if fbtext.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
                # keep track of start time/frame for later
                fbtext.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
                fbtext.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
                fbtext.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
                win.timeOnFlip(fbtext, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
                # add timestamp to datafile
                thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'fbtext.started')
                # update status
                fbtext.status = STARTED
                fbtext.setAutoDraw(True)
            
            # if fbtext is active this frame...
            if fbtext.status == STARTED:
                # update params
                pass
            
            # if fbtext is stopping this frame...
            if fbtext.status == STARTED:
                # is it time to stop? (based on global clock, using actual start)
                if tThisFlipGlobal > fbtext.tStartRefresh + 0.5-frameTolerance:
                    # keep track of stop time/frame for later
                    fbtext.tStop = t  # not accounting for scr refresh
                    fbtext.frameNStop = frameN  # exact frame index
                    # add timestamp to datafile
                    thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'fbtext.stopped')
                    # update status
                    fbtext.status = FINISHED
                    fbtext.setAutoDraw(False)
            
            # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
            if defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
                thisExp.status = FINISHED
            if thisExp.status == FINISHED or endExpNow:
                endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
                return
            
            # check if all components have finished
            if not continueRoutine:  # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
                routineForceEnded = True
                break
            continueRoutine = False  # will revert to True if at least one component still running
            for thisComponent in feedbackComponents:
                if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
                    continueRoutine = True
                    break  # at least one component has not yet finished
            
            # refresh the screen
            if continueRoutine:  # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
                win.flip()
        
        # --- Ending Routine "feedback" ---
        for thisComponent in feedbackComponents:
            if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
                thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
        thisExp.addData('feedback.stopped', globalClock.getTime())
        # using non-slip timing so subtract the expected duration of this Routine (unless ended on request)
        if routineForceEnded:
            routineTimer.reset()
        else:
            routineTimer.addTime(-0.500000)
        thisExp.nextEntry()
        
        if thisSession is not None:
            # if running in a Session with a Liaison client, send data up to now
            thisSession.sendExperimentData()
    # completed 1 repeats of 'trials'
    
    
    # --- Prepare to start Routine "the_end" ---
    continueRoutine = True
    # update component parameters for each repeat
    thisExp.addData('the_end.started', globalClock.getTime())
    end_txt.setText('The end. You scored ' + str(correct_counter) + ' correct'
     
    )
    end_key.keys = []
    end_key.rt = []
    _end_key_allKeys = []
    # keep track of which components have finished
    the_endComponents = [end_txt, end_key]
    for thisComponent in the_endComponents:
        thisComponent.tStart = None
        thisComponent.tStop = None
        thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
        thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
        if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
            thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
    # reset timers
    t = 0
    _timeToFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="now")
    frameN = -1
    
    # --- Run Routine "the_end" ---
    routineForceEnded = not continueRoutine
    while continueRoutine:
        # get current time
        t = routineTimer.getTime()
        tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=routineTimer)
        tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
        frameN = frameN + 1  # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
        # update/draw components on each frame
        
        # *end_txt* updates
        
        # if end_txt is starting this frame...
        if end_txt.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            end_txt.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            end_txt.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            end_txt.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(end_txt, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'end_txt.started')
            # update status
            end_txt.status = STARTED
            end_txt.setAutoDraw(True)
        
        # if end_txt is active this frame...
        if end_txt.status == STARTED:
            # update params
            pass
        
        # *end_key* updates
        waitOnFlip = False
        
        # if end_key is starting this frame...
        if end_key.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frameTolerance:
            # keep track of start time/frame for later
            end_key.frameNStart = frameN  # exact frame index
            end_key.tStart = t  # local t and not account for scr refresh
            end_key.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal  # on global time
            win.timeOnFlip(end_key, 'tStartRefresh')  # time at next scr refresh
            # add timestamp to datafile
            thisExp.timestampOnFlip(win, 'end_key.started')
            # update status
            end_key.status = STARTED
            # keyboard checking is just starting
            waitOnFlip = True
            win.callOnFlip(end_key.clock.reset)  # t=0 on next screen flip
            win.callOnFlip(end_key.clearEvents, eventType='keyboard')  # clear events on next screen flip
        if end_key.status == STARTED and not waitOnFlip:
            theseKeys = end_key.getKeys(keyList=['space'], ignoreKeys=["escape"], waitRelease=False)
            _end_key_allKeys.extend(theseKeys)
            if len(_end_key_allKeys):
                end_key.keys = _end_key_allKeys[-1].name  # just the last key pressed
                end_key.rt = _end_key_allKeys[-1].rt
                end_key.duration = _end_key_allKeys[-1].duration
                # a response ends the routine
                continueRoutine = False
        
        # check for quit (typically the Esc key)
        if defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
            thisExp.status = FINISHED
        if thisExp.status == FINISHED or endExpNow:
            endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=inputs, win=win)
            return
        
        # check if all components have finished
        if not continueRoutine:  # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
            routineForceEnded = True
            break
        continueRoutine = False  # will revert to True if at least one component still running
        for thisComponent in the_endComponents:
            if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
                continueRoutine = True
                break  # at least one component has not yet finished
        
        # refresh the screen
        if continueRoutine:  # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
            win.flip()
    
    # --- Ending Routine "the_end" ---
    for thisComponent in the_endComponents:
        if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
            thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
    thisExp.addData('the_end.stopped', globalClock.getTime())
    # the Routine "the_end" was not non-slip safe, so reset the non-slip timer
    routineTimer.reset()
    
    # mark experiment as finished
    endExperiment(thisExp, win=win, inputs=inputs)


def saveData(thisExp):
    """
    Save data from this experiment
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    thisExp : psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    """
    filename = thisExp.dataFileName
    # these shouldn't be strictly necessary (should auto-save)
    thisExp.saveAsWideText(filename + '.csv', delim='auto')
    thisExp.saveAsPickle(filename)


def endExperiment(thisExp, inputs=None, win=None):
    """
    End this experiment, performing final shut down operations.
    
    This function does NOT close the window or end the Python process - use `quit` for this.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    thisExp : psychopy.data.ExperimentHandler
        Handler object for this experiment, contains the data to save and information about 
        where to save it to.
    inputs : dict
        Dictionary of input devices by name.
    win : psychopy.visual.Window
        Window for this experiment.
    """
    if win is not None:
        # remove autodraw from all current components
        win.clearAutoDraw()
        # Flip one final time so any remaining win.callOnFlip() 
        # and win.timeOnFlip() tasks get executed
        win.flip()
    # mark experiment handler as finished
    thisExp.status = FINISHED
    # shut down eyetracker, if there is one
    if inputs is not None:
        if 'eyetracker' in inputs and inputs['eyetracker'] is not None:
            inputs['eyetracker'].setConnectionState(False)
    logging.flush()


def quit(thisExp, win=None, inputs=None, thisSession=None):
    """
    Fully quit, closing the window and ending the Python process.
    
    Parameters
    ==========
    win : psychopy.visual.Window
        Window to close.
    inputs : dict
        Dictionary of input devices by name.
    thisSession : psychopy.session.Session or None
        Handle of the Session object this experiment is being run from, if any.
    """
    thisExp.abort()  # or data files will save again on exit
    # make sure everything is closed down
    if win is not None:
        # Flip one final time so any remaining win.callOnFlip() 
        # and win.timeOnFlip() tasks get executed before quitting
        win.flip()
        win.close()
    if inputs is not None:
        if 'eyetracker' in inputs and inputs['eyetracker'] is not None:
            inputs['eyetracker'].setConnectionState(False)
    logging.flush()
    if thisSession is not None:
        thisSession.stop()
    # terminate Python process
    core.quit()


# if running this experiment as a script...
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # call all functions in order
    expInfo = showExpInfoDlg(expInfo=expInfo)
    thisExp = setupData(expInfo=expInfo)
    logFile = setupLogging(filename=thisExp.dataFileName)
    win = setupWindow(expInfo=expInfo)
    inputs = setupInputs(expInfo=expInfo, thisExp=thisExp, win=win)
    run(
        expInfo=expInfo, 
        thisExp=thisExp, 
        win=win, 
        inputs=inputs
    )
    saveData(thisExp=thisExp)
    quit(thisExp=thisExp, win=win, inputs=inputs)
```
