CINEMATOGRAPHY GLOSSARY
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SHOT TYPES (by distance):
- Extreme Wide Shot (EWS): Vast landscape, subject barely visible
- Wide Shot (WS): Full figure in frame, head to toe
- Full Shot (FS): Entire figure with buffer space
- Medium Shot (MS): Waist to knee up
- Medium Close-Up (MCU): Chest/shoulders up
- Close-Up (CU): Face fills frame
- Extreme Close-Up (ECU): Single feature detail

CAMERA MOVEMENTS:
- Pan: Horizontal rotation on fixed axis
- Tilt: Vertical rotation on fixed axis
- Zoom: Lens focal length change (not physical movement)
- Dolly: Camera moves toward/away from subject
- Tracking/Track: Camera follows alongside subject
- Crane: Camera moves up/down via mechanical arm
- Handheld: Operated without stabilization
- Steadicam: Stabilized camera system for smooth movement
- Whip Pan: Very fast pan (blur effect)
- Pedestal: Camera moves up/down on pedestal (not tilt)

CAMERA ANGLES:
- Eye Level: Neutral perspective
- Low Angle: Camera looks up (powerful subject)
- High Angle: Camera looks down (vulnerable subject)
- Bird's Eye: Directly overhead
- Dutch Angle/Oblique: Tilted horizon

EDITING TERMS:
- Jump Cut: Abrupt cut within same shot
- Match Cut: Cut based on compositional similarity
- Cross-Cut: Alternating between concurrent storylines
- L-Cut: Audio continues after video cut
- J-Cut: Audio starts before corresponding video
- Cut on Action: Cut during movement to hide edit
- Parallel Editing: Cross-cutting for suspense
- Montage: Series of shots conveying information
- Smash Cut: Abrupt transition (often contrast)
- Dissolve: One shot fades into next
- Fade: Image fades to black or from black

LIGHTING TERMS:
- Key Light: Main light source
- Fill Light: Reduces shadows from key
- Back Light: Separates subject from background
- Three-Point Lighting: Key + fill + back
- High Key: Bright, minimal shadows (comedy)
- Low Key: Dark, high contrast (noir, thriller)
- Chiaroscuro: Strong light/dark contrast
- Motivated Lighting: Light sources within story
- Practical: Light sources visible in frame
- Diffusion: Softening light source
- Gel: Colored filter on light

COMPOSITION TERMS:
- Rule of Thirds: Divide frame into 3x3 grid
- Headroom: Space above character's head
- Look Room/Space: Space in direction character looks
- Lead Room: Space in direction of movement
- Foreground/Background: Depth layers
- Deep Focus: Everything in focus (foreground to background)
- Shallow Depth of Field: Blurred background
- Bokeh: Out-of-focus highlights
- Aspect Ratio: Frame width to height proportion

GENRE-SPECIFIC CONVENTIONS:
- Film Noir: Low key, shadows, venetian blind shadows
- Western: Vast landscapes, low angles against sky
- Horror: Point-of-view monster, darkness, dutch angles
- Musical: Wide shots for choreography, integration of music
- War: Handheld, desaturated, extreme wide establishing
- Sci-Fi: Clean minimalist, blue/teal grading, HUD elements
